Epidemiología de la transfusión sanguínea en los Servicios de Medicina Intensiva en España: «Transfusion Day» / Epidemiology of blood transfusion in the Spanish Critical Care Units: «Transfusion Day»

Objective: To describe the transfusion practice in the ICUs in Spain, according to national and international recommendations (guidelines). Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, multi-centre study. Scope: Data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire sent electronically to the Heads of Service of 111 ICUs in Spain. Participants: 1,448 patients were included, aged 61.8 (SD 15.7) years, 66.2% male, with an SOFA of 4.7 ± 3.8 and average stay of 10.62 ± 17.49 days. Variables: Demographic and clinical variables of the patients were collected, as well as variables related to the transfusion act. Results: Of the 1,448 patients, 9.9% received al least one transfusion of any blood product, 3.7% fresh plasma, 3.9% platelets and 8.9% red blood cell concentrate, mainly by analytical criteria (36.2%). Hemoglobin had a mean of 7.8 g/dL (95% CI: 6-9-8.5) and 9.8 g/dL (95% CI: 8.5–11.2) before and after the transfusion, respectively, p < 0.001. The transfusion units had a mean of 2.5 ± 2.4 per patient. The most commonly used blood product was red blood cell concentrate (CH) (90.2%). Patients admitted for surgery had a higher transfusion rate (14.4%) than those admitted for medical pathology (8.9%) (p = 0.006). 5.4% (7/129) of patients who received CH died compared to 2.4% (31/1302) who did not (p = 0.04). Mortality of transfused patients was higher. The transfusion rate in most of hospitals was 5% to 20%, with 18 hospitals (16.21%) having transfusion rates between 20% and 50%. Hospitals with PBM programs and mass transfusion programs had a lower transfusion rate, although not statistically significant. Conclusions: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, a transfusion prevalence of 9.9% was observed in Spanish Critical Care Units. The most frequent blood product transfused was red blood cells and the main reasons for transfusion were acute anemia with hemodynamic impact and analytical criteria. Mortality of transfused patients was higher (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la práctica transfusional en las UCIs de España, acorde con recomendaciones (guidelines) nacionales e internacionales. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, transversal y multicéntrico. Ámbito: La recogida de datos se realizó mediante una encuesta enviada electrónicamente a los médicos intensivistas de 111 UCIs de España. Participantes: Se incluyeron 1.448 pacientes, de 61,8 (DE 15,7) años, el 66,2% varones, con un SOFA de 4,7 ± 3,8 y estancia media de 10,62 ± 17,49 días. Variables: Se recogieron variables demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes, así como variables relacionadas con el propio acto transfusional. Resultados: De los 1.448 pacientes, el 9,9% recibieron al menos una transfusión de cualquier hemocomponente, 3,7% de plasma fresco, 3,9% de plaquetas y 8,9% de concentrado de hematíes, siendo la causa principal el umbral transfusional basado en la hemoglobina (36,2%). La hemoglobina tuvo una media de 7,8 g/dL (IC 95%: 6,9–8,5), y de 9.8 g/dl (IC95%: 8,5–11,2) antes y después de la transfusión respectivamente (p < 0,001). Las unidades transfundas tuvo una media por paciente de 2,5 ± 2,4 por paciente. El hemoderivado más utilizado fue el concentrado de hematíes (CH) (90,2%). Los pacientes ingresados por motivos quirúrgicos tuvieron una tasa de transfusión mayor (14,4%) respecto a los ingresados por patología médica (8,9%) (p = 0,006). El 5,4% (7/129) de los pacientes que recibieron CH fallecieron respecto el 2,4% (31/1302) que no lo recibieron (p = 0,04). La tasa de transfusión en la mayor parte de hospitales fue de 5% al 20%, habiendo 18 hospitales (16.21%) con tasas de transfusión entre el 20% y el 50%. Los hospitales con programas PBM y programas de transfusión masiva tuvieron una menor tasa de transfusión, aunque sin ser significativa. Conclusiones: En este estudio multicéntrico de corte transversal se observó una prevalencia transfusional en las unidades de críticos españolas del 9,9% (AU)

Epidemiology of blood transfusion in the Spanish Critical Care Units: «Transfusion Day¼.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the transfusion practice in the ICUs in Spain, according to national and international recommendations (guidelines). DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional, multi-centre study. SCOPE: Data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire sent electronically to the Heads of Service of 111 ICUs in Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 1,448 patients were included, aged 61.8 (SD 15.7) years, 66.2% male, with an SOFA of 4.7 ±â€¯3.8 and average stay of 10.62 ±â€¯17.49 days. VARIABLES: Demographic and clinical variables of the patients were collected, as well as variables related to the transfusion act. RESULTS: Of the 1,448 patients, 9.9% received al least one transfusion of any blood product, 3.7% fresh plasma, 3.9% platelets and 8.9% red blood cell concentrate, mainly by analytical criteria (36.2%). Hemoglobin had a mean of 7.8 g/dL (95% CI: 6-9-8.5) and 9.8 g/dL (95% CI: 8.5-11.2) before and after the transfusion, respectively, p < 0.001. The transfusion units had a mean of 2.5 ±â€¯2.4 per patient. The most commonly used blood product was red blood cell concentrate (CH) (90.2%). Patients admitted for surgery had a higher transfusion rate (14.4%) than those admitted for medical pathology (8.9%) (p = 0.006). 5.4% (7/129) of patients who received CH died compared to 2.4% (31/1302) who did not (p = 0.04). Mortality of transfused patients was higher. The transfusion rate in most of hospitals was 5% to 20%, with 18 hospitals (16.21%) having transfusion rates between 20% and 50%. Hospitals with PBM programs and mass transfusion programs had a lower transfusion rate, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, a transfusion prevalence of 9.9% was observed in Spanish Critical Care Units. The most frequent blood product transfused was red blood cells and the main reasons for transfusion were acute anemia with hemodynamic impact and analytical criteria. Mortality of transfused patients was higher.

[Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: Narrative review of the Working Group in Infectious Diseases and Sepsis (GTEIS) and the Working Groups in Transfusions and Blood Products (GTTH)]. / Tratamiento farmacológico de la COVID-19: revisión narrativa de los Grupos de Trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Sepsis (GTEIS) y del Grupo de Trabajo de Transfusiones Hemoderivados (GTTH).

Infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-19) was initially detected in China in December 2019, and has subsequently spread rapidly throughout the world, to the point that on March 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the outbreak could be defined as a pandemic. COVID-19 disease ranges from mild flu-like episodes to other serious and even life-threatening conditions, mainly due to acute respiratory failure. These patients are frequently admitted to our Intensive Care Units in relation to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The lack of a treatment based on scientific evidence has led to the use of different management guidelines, in many cases with rapid changes in the applied protocols. Recent reviews in reputed journals have underscored the lack of proven therapies and the need for clinical trials to establish clear and objective treatment guidelines. The present study provides an update on the currently applied treatment, and intends to offer help in relation to daily care, without seeking to replace the protocols adopted in each individual center.

[Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: Narrative review of the Working Group in Infectious Diseases and Sepsis (GTEIS) and the Working Groups in Transfusions and Blood Products (GTTH)]. / Tratamiento farmacológico de la COVID-19: revisión narrativa de los Grupos de Trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Sepsis (GTEIS) y del Grupo de Trabajo de Transfusiones Hemoderivados (GTTH).

Infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-19) was initially detected in China in December 2019, and has subsequently spread rapidly throughout the world, to the point that on March 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the outbreak could be defined as a pandemic. COVID-19 disease ranges from mild flu-like episodes to other serious and even life-threatening conditions, mainly due to acute respiratory failure. These patients are frequently admitted to our Intensive Care Units in relation to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The lack of a treatment based on scientific evidence has led to the use of different management guidelines, in many cases with rapid changes in the applied protocols. Recent reviews in reputed journals have underscored the lack of proven therapies and the need for clinical trials to establish clear and objective treatment guidelines. The present study provides an update on the currently applied treatment, and intends to offer help in relation to daily care, without seeking to replace the protocols adopted in each individual center.

Epidemiology of blood transfusion in the Spanish Critical Care Units: «Transfusion Day¼. / Epidemiología de la transfusión sanguínea en los Servicios de Medicina Intensiva en España: «Transfusion Day¼.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the transfusion practice in the ICUs in Spain, according to national and international recommendations (guidelines). DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional, multi-centre study. SCOPE: Data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire sent electronically to the Heads of Service of 111 ICUs in Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 1,448 patients were included, aged 61.8 (SD 15.7) years, 66.2% male, with an SOFA of 4.7±3.8 and average stay of 10.62±17.49 days. VARIABLES: Demographic and clinical variables of the patients were collected, as well as variables related to the transfusion act. RESULTS: Of the 1,448 patients, 9.9% received al least one transfusion of any blood product, 3.7% fresh plasma, 3.9% platelets and 8.9% red blood cell concentrate, mainly by analytical criteria (36.2%). Hemoglobin had a mean of 7.8g/dL (95% CI: 6-9-8.5) and 9.8g/dL (95% CI: 8.5-11.2) before and after the transfusion, respectively, p<0.001. The transfusion units had a mean of 2.5±2.4 per patient. The most commonly used blood product was red blood cell concentrate (90.2%). Patients admitted for surgery had a higher transfusion rate (14.4%) than those admitted for medical pathology (8.9%) (p=0.006). 5.4% (7/129) of patients who received red blood cell concentrate died compared to 2.4% (31/1302) who did not (p=0.04). Mortality of transfused patients was higher. The transfusion rate in most of hospitals was 5% to 20%, with 18 hospitals (16.21%) having transfusion rates between 20% and 50%. Hospitals with PBM programs and mass transfusion programs had a lower transfusion rate, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, a transfusion prevalence of 9.9% was observed in Spanish critical care units. The most frequent blood product transfused was red blood cells and the main reasons for transfusion were acute anemia with hemodynamic impact and analytical criteria. Mortality of transfused patients was higher.

Recomendaciones de "no hacer" en el tratamiento de los pacientes críticos de los grupos de trabajo de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC) / "Do not do" recommendations of the working groups of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) for the management of critically ill patients

El proyecto denominado «Compromiso por la calidad de las sociedades científicas» impulsado desde el año 2013 por el Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad tiene como objetivo disminuir las intervenciones sanitarias innecesarias que no han demostrado eficacia, tienen escasa o dudosa efectividad o no son eficientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar las recomendaciones de «qué no hacer» seleccionadas para el tratamiento de los pacientes críticos. Se designó un panel de expertos de los 13grupos de trabajo (GT) de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), elegido por su experiencia clínica o científica para la realización de las recomendaciones. Se analizó la literatura publicada entre los años 2000 y 2017 sobre diferentes cuestiones asociadas a los pacientes críticos. En reuniones de cada GT, los expertos debatieron las propuestas y sintetizaron las conclusiones, que fueron finalmente aprobadas por los GT después de un amplio proceso de revisión interna, realizado durante el primer semestre de 2017. Finalmente, se elaboraron un total de 65 recomendaciones, 5 por cada uno de los 13 GT. Estas recomendaciones se basan en la opinión de expertos y en el conocimiento científico, y pretenden reducir aquellos tratamientos o procedimientos que no aporten valor al proceso asistencial, evitar la exposición de los pacientes críticos a potenciales riesgos y mejorar la adecuación de los recursos sanitarios

The project "Commitment to Quality of Scientific Societies", promoted since 2013 by the Spanish Ministry of Health, seeks to reduce unnecessary health interventions that have not proven effective, have little or doubtful effectiveness, or are not cost-effective. The objective is to establish the "do not do" recommendations for the management of critically ill patients. A panel of experts from the 13 working groups (WGs) of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) was selected and nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience to carry out the recommendations. Available scientific literature in the management of adult critically ill patients from 2000 to 2017 was extracted. The clinical evidence was discussed and summarized by the experts in the course of consensus finding of each WG, and was finally approved by the WGs after an extensive internal review process carried out during the first semester of 2017. A total of 65 recommendations were developed, of which 5 corresponded to each of the 13 WGs. These recommendations are based on the opinion of experts and scientific knowledge, and aim to reduce those treatments or procedures that do not add value to the care process; avoid the exposure of critical patients to potential risks; and improve the adequacy of health resources

"Do not do" recommendations of the working groups of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) for the management of critically ill patients. / Recomendaciones de "no hacer" en el tratamiento de los pacientes críticos de los grupos de trabajo de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC).

The project "Commitment to Quality of Scientific Societies", promoted since 2013 by the Spanish Ministry of Health, seeks to reduce unnecessary health interventions that have not proven effective, have little or doubtful effectiveness, or are not cost-effective. The objective is to establish the "do not do" recommendations for the management of critically ill patients. A panel of experts from the 13 working groups (WGs) of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) was selected and nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience to carry out the recommendations. Available scientific literature in the management of adult critically ill patients from 2000 to 2017 was extracted. The clinical evidence was discussed and summarized by the experts in the course of consensus finding of each WG, and was finally approved by the WGs after an extensive internal review process carried out during the first semester of 2017. A total of 65 recommendations were developed, of which 5 corresponded to each of the 13 WGs. These recommendations are based on the opinion of experts and scientific knowledge, and aim to reduce those treatments or procedures that do not add value to the care process; avoid the exposure of critical patients to potential risks; and improve the adequacy of health resources.

Recomendaciones para el tratamiento de los pacientes críticos de los Grupos de Trabajo de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC) / Recommendations of the Working Groups from the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) for the management of adult critically ill patients

La estandarización de la medicina intensiva puede mejorar el tratamiento del paciente crítico. No obstante, estos programas de estandarización no se han aplicado de forma generalizada en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar las recomendaciones para la estandarización del tratamiento de los pacientes críticos. Se seleccionó un panel de expertos de los trece grupos de trabajo (GT) de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), elegido por su experiencia clínica y/o científica para la realización de las recomendaciones. Se analizó la literatura publicada entre 2002 y 2016 sobre diferentes tópicos de los pacientes críticos. En reuniones de cada GT los expertos discutieron las propuestas y sintetizaron las conclusiones, que fueron finalmente aprobadas por los GT después de un amplio proceso de revisión interna realizado entre diciembre de 2015 y diciembre de 2016. Finalmente, se elaboraron un total de 65 recomendaciones, 5 por cada uno de los 13 GT. Estas recomendaciones se basan en la opinión de expertos y en el conocimiento científico y pretenden servir de guía para los intensivistas como una ayuda en el manejo de los pacientes críticos (AU)

The standardization of the Intensive Care Medicine may improve the management of the adult critically ill patient. However, these strategies have not been widely applied in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The aim is to elaborate the recommendations for the standardization of the treatment of critical patients. A panel of experts from the thirteen working groups (WG) of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) was selected and nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience to carry out the recommendations. Available scientific literature in the management of adult critically ill patients from 2002 to 2016 was extracted. The clinical evidence was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus finding of every WG and finally approved by the WGs after an extensive internal review process that was carried out between December 2015 and December 2016. A total of 65 recommendations were developed, of which 5 corresponded to each of the 13 WGs. These recommendations are based on the opinion of experts and scientific knowledge, and are intended as a guide for the intensivists in the management of critical patients (AU)

Recommendations of the Working Groups from the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) for the management of adult critically ill patients. / Recomendaciones para el tratamiento de los pacientes críticos de los Grupos de Trabajo de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC).

The standardization of the Intensive Care Medicine may improve the management of the adult critically ill patient. However, these strategies have not been widely applied in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The aim is to elaborate the recommendations for the standardization of the treatment of critical patients. A panel of experts from the thirteen working groups (WG) of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) was selected and nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience to carry out the recommendations. Available scientific literature in the management of adult critically ill patients from 2002 to 2016 was extracted. The clinical evidence was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus finding of every WG and finally approved by the WGs after an extensive internal review process that was carried out between December 2015 and December 2016. A total of 65 recommendations were developed, of which 5 corresponded to each of the 13 WGs. These recommendations are based on the opinion of experts and scientific knowledge, and are intended as a guide for the intensivists in the management of critical patients.

Objetivos y nuevas estrategias de resucitación en el paciente traumatizado grave / Resuscitative goals and new strategies in severe trauma patient resuscitation

Los traumatismos son uno de los principales problemas de salud en todo el mundo. En los últimos años hemos presenciado profundas modificaciones en el paradigma de la resucitación del paciente traumatizado crítico, se han desarrollado nuevos conceptos en relación con la coagulopatía inducida por el trauma, así como hemos asistido a la expansión comercial de productos específicos relacionados con la hemostasia, entre otros. Las nuevas estrategias de resucitación en el trauma incluyen: identificar de manera precoz las lesiones que amenazan la vida del paciente, la detección de aquellas que precisan de un inmediato control quirúrgico o intervencionismo radiológico, tolerar una hipotensión moderada, reponer de manera racional el volumen intravascular, prevenir la hipotermia, evitar la acidosis, optimizar los transportadores de oxígeno, así como identificar aquellos factores necesarios para el paciente (plasma fresco congelado, plaquetas, ácido tranexámico, fibrinógeno, crioprecipitados y complejo protrombínico). Sin embargo, a pesar de estos avances, se necesitan más evidencias para reducir las tasas de mortalidad de los pacientes traumatizados graves

Traumatic injuries represent a major health problem all over the world. In recent years we have witnessed profound changes in the paradigm of severe trauma patient resuscitation, new concepts regarding acute coagulopathy in trauma have been proposed, and there has been an expansion of specific commercial products related to hemostasis, among other aspects. New strategies in severe trauma management include the early identification of those injuries that are life threatening and require surgical hemostasis, tolerance of moderate hypotension, rational intravascular volume replacement, prevention of hypothermia, correction of acidosis, optimization of oxygen carriers, and identification of those factors required by the patient (fresh frozen plasma, platelets, tranexamic acid, fibrinogen, cryoprecipitates and prothrombin complex). However, despite such advances, further evidence is required to improve survival rates in severe trauma patients

Resuscitative goals and new strategies in severe trauma patient resuscitation.

Traumatic injuries represent a major health problem all over the world. In recent years we have witnessed profound changes in the paradigm of severe trauma patient resuscitation, new concepts regarding acute coagulopathy in trauma have been proposed, and there has been an expansion of specific commercial products related to hemostasis, among other aspects. New strategies in severe trauma management include the early identification of those injuries that are life threatening and require surgical hemostasis, tolerance of moderate hypotension, rational intravascular volume replacement, prevention of hypothermia, correction of acidosis, optimization of oxygen carriers, and identification of those factors required by the patient (fresh frozen plasma, platelets, tranexamic acid, fibrinogen, cryoprecipitates and prothrombin complex). However, despite such advances, further evidence is required to improve survival rates in severe trauma patients.